SETTING UP THE WWW EXHIBITION

One of the principal objectives of science is to spread the results of research trying to connect University and society wich sometimes seem to be in worlds apart. The lack of media of transmision have made it even more difficult, but this situation may change with Internet development. People can visit museums and archaeological sites trough Internet. We introduce this exhibition like a novelty. CEIPAC, a research group from the Ancient History area of the Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology Department of the University of Barcelona, offers Internet users the virtual exhibition of the Mount Testaccio, exhibited in the University of Rome "La Sapienza" by professor M. Burragato and D. Grubessi from the Earth Science Department of this University. The exhibition is the result of the ideas and work of:

Exhibition Displays
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV

CEIPAC: Centro para el Estudio de la Interdependencia Provincial en la Antigüedad Clásica.
D.S.T.U.R.: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Università di Roma, "La Sapienza".

Introducing

TEXT: J. Remesal.

 

Pictures:

1. The Mount Testaccio at the end of nineteenh century. (f. E. Rachler, coll. R. Lucignani).Composition (CEIPAC, P. Berni, M. Cubero).
2. The Mount Testaccio from its western side. (CEIPAC, A. Aguilera).
3. Heinrich Dressel. (AA.VV.- Producción y comercio del aceite en la antigüedad. Primer congreso internacional. Madrid, 1980 p.14).
4. Georges Bonsor (Fernando de Amores Carredano, Juan Fernández Lacomba -.Bonsor y su colección. Un proyecto de museo. Mairena de Alcor, 1994).
5. Spain ambassador in Rome visits the exhibition. (CEIPAC, R. Álvarez).

- I - Testaccio: a Mount of used amphorae.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Air photograph of the Mount Testaccio. (L.G.M.).
2. Annonarian routes of baetican oil (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
3. Dressel 20 amphorae from Cabrera III shipwreck.(mitad s. III. d.C.) (AA.VV. "La arqueología subacuática en España. Madrid, 1990, p.51).
4. Cargo ship carrying Dresel 20 amphorae (mosaico del Piazzale della Corporazioni di Ostia Antica,statio nº52).
5. Claudius and Trajan ports at the mouth of tevere (Affresco di Danti).
6. Unloading of amphorae (mosaic from Piazzale della Corporazione di Ostia Antica, Statio nº23).
7. Restos del antiguo puerto fluvial de Roma en la "Marmorata" (CEIPAC, S. Morretta).

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- II - The amphorae mount: mith and reality.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Inscription from the Portico of Sta. Mª in Cosmedin.(Roma) (foto Polticelli).
2. The Mount Testaccio in a map of Rome of A. Tempesta (1593) (1593).
3. Ancient etching of the Mount Testaccio with Via Crucis.
4. Municipal decree of 1744 renewing the prohibition (of 1742) of grazing and taking material from the Testaccio.
5. The Mount Testaccio in a map of Rome made by de Paoli (1623).

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- III - The birth of the mount.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Dressel 20 amphorae wall found in excavations in the Mount Testaccio, (CEIPAC, Test.91).
2. Mount Testaccio level map showing the "stores" (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
3. Western platform (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
4. Eastern platform (CEIPAC, P. Berni).

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- IV - Gravimetric study of the Mount Testaccio.

TEXT: B. Toro, M. Di Filippo.

 

Pictures:

1. Gravimetric model of the Mount Testaccio. (D.S.T.U.R., B. Toro, M. Di Filippo)
2. Gravimetric map of residual gravity anomalities (D.S.T.U.R., B. Toro, M. Di Filippo)

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- V - Baetican amphorae: a container of no return.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Tipological table of oil baetican amphorae (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
2. Fabrication of a Dressel 20 amphora (CEIPAC, R. Álvarez).

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- VI - Testaccio: from dumping place to archive.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Baetican stamp: II(duorum) CAMILI/MELISSI this stamp is refered to a family of producers of oil from the middle of the third century a.C. (it comes form Las Delicias, a kiln near ancient city of Astigi).(CEIPAC, Test.95/50).
2. amphora fragment with is whole epigraphy. titulus X[...]V (tara in the neck of the amphora written in roman pounds). TITULUS FISCI RATIONIS [PATR]I/MONI STAT PO[...] (in the back the name of the mercator, here the state) titulus CCXVI (the weight written in roman pounds in the belly of the amphora). (CEIPAC, Test.92/359).
3. Dressel 20 amphora from the first half of the third century A.C. with the reconstruction of post-Sever inscriptions coming from the some examples found in the Testaccio. (CEIPAC, P. Berni).

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- VII -Archeometric research.

TEXT: O. Grubessi.

 

Pictures:

1. Difference between clays from two tipologies of amfhorae can be seen, north-Africa amphorae and its black heart wich show how it was coked. (D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).
2. Macroscopic observation of a ceramic fragment (D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).
3. Optic-electronic observation (SEM). Picture shows descomposition of calcite and the possible formation of a new mineral. This suggest a cooking temperature over 750ºC. (D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).
4. Mineralogic analysis of X-ray difraction. Mineralogic types after cooking and abandoned process can be seen with difractometric traces. ( D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).
5. Diferential termical analisys and termoponderal inform about effects on the material when it’s exposed to high temperature: transformations, dried up, decomposition, transition of phase, change in weight. (D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).
6. Termoluminiscence results used for dating of baetican amphorae.(D.S.T.V.R., O. Grubessi)
7. Stadistic elaboration. Stadistics can be done, after chemical analisys, in order to make diagrams. In this case to show origin of african amphorae. (D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).

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- VIII - Baetican amphorae archaeometry.

TEXT: O. Grubessi.

 

Pictures:

1. Production area of amphorae as seen in page 76 of the map of the National Geological synthesis of Spain.
2. Stadistic elaboration (dendrogram) of chemical. It can be easily seen that from the same place. ( D.S.T.U.R., O. Grubessi).

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- IX - Baetica: the greatest exporter of oil.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Map from the productor centres of amphorae along the bank of Guadalquivir and Genil (Andalusia, Spain) (CEIPAC, C. Carreras, P. Berni).
2. Reconstruction of an kiln to cook Dressel 20 amphorae (CEIPAC, R. Alvárez).
3. Kiln in Arva.(Alcolea del Río, Sevilla) (CEIPAC, J. Remesal).
4. Kiln in Arva. (Alcolea del Río, Sevilla) (CEIPAC, J. Remesal).
5. Kiln in el Tejarillo (Alcolea del Río, Sevilla). It’s still 4 metres high. (CEIPAC, J. Remesal).

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- X - Magnetometric prospection of Arva..

TEXT: F. Burragato, O. Grubessi, M. Di Filippo, J. Remesal.

 

Pictures:

1. Arva is half the way between Seville and Cordoba. Das Römerreich Augustus bis Traian. Bengtson, V. & Milojcic. Grosser historischer Weltaltas I. p.34.
2. Sample F1 (Nicols X,20x). Usual mixture of an oven. Materials used in the mixture are heterogeneos. It can be seen: quartzite, metamorphic rocks and calcareus fragments.(DSTUR).
3. Sample F2 (Nicols X, 20x). Usual mixture of an oven. It can be seen vegetable inclusions eliminated with combustion with crystals of secundary calcite of new formation. (DSTUR).
4. Sample F1 (Nicols X,20x) metamorfic rock, inclusions (metagranite), usual in the area, found in the mixture.(DSTUR).
5. X-difractogram from the vault of one oven. There’s no ceramic mineral (in F1 and F2) because of the high temperatures inside ovens. (DSTUR).
6. Map of the magnetic vertical gradient d2/dz (D.S.T.U.R.).
7. Map of the magnetic vertical gradient d2/dz (D.S.T.U.R.).

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- XI - Exports from northern Africa.

TEXT: J. Remesal, V. Revilla.

 

Pictures:

1. Map of central Mediterranean showing producers areas of northern Africa, types of amphora and principal routes between Africa and Rome. (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
2. African amphorae: African I and III, Tripolitan I and III (CEIPAC, P. Berni).
3. Stamp on the neck of a tripolitan amphora [...]ATA (CEIPAC, Test.89/243).
4. Painted inscriptions with red ink on the neck of a tripolitana amphora: QSMS. It’s possibly one of a shortened tria nomina of the mercator (CEIPAC, Test.94/190).

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- XII - Archaeometry of African amphorae.

TEXT: F. Burragato.

 

Pictures:

1. Picture of the section of an african amphora seen trought polarised microscope. Tunisian ones(A) are more porous than tripolitan amphorae (B) (DSTUR, F. Burragato).
2. Mineralogic nature of ceramic mixture can be seen trough difractometric. (DSTUR, F. Burragato).
3. Porosimetric bend. Terraced bends are typical prow few porus material and are similar to samples of tripolitan amphorae. Less terraced samples are from Bizacena amphorae. (DSTUR, F. Burragato).

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- XIII - From Augustus to EEC.

TEXT: J. Remesal.

 

Pictures:

1. Picture of emperor August statue "di Prima Porta" (foto da E. Simon, Augustus. Kunst und Leben in Röm un die Zietenvende. München 1966).
2. Relief of Benevento Arch where distribution of food can be seen (foto de F.Hasse. Der Trajansbogen in Benevent, Mainz 1966).
3. Map of Britannia that shows density of imports of Dressel 20 from the Baetica. (CEIPAC, C. Carreras).
4. Roman empire provinces. Das Römerreich Augustus bis Traian. Bengtson, V. & Milojcic. Grosser historischer Weltaltas I. p.34.

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- XIV - The Mount Testaccio along the time. ICONOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF ROBERTO LUCIGNANI.

Pictures:

1. Plays in the Testaccio in a anonimous oil painting from 1570 (Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Venezia, Roma).
2. Bacchanalia of Rome in the Testaccio (Etching acquarellata from the Gabinetto Comunale delle Stampe di Palazzo Braschi, Roma).
3. Anonimous painting of Testaccio at the end of XIX century.
4. Mount Testaccio in the last years of XIX century. (f. E. Rachler, coll. R. Lucignani).
5. Caves at the feet of the feet of the Mount Testaccio in the forties. (Coll. R. Lucignani).

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Enero 22, 1997.
Copyright © 1997 by CEIPAC.
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